This paper makes the students learn the nature of chemical reactions taking place in solid, liquid and gaseous phases.
1. GASEOUS STATE:
Vander wall's equation. Law of equipartition principle, Translational, Rotational and vibrational energies of molecules, Joule-Thomson effect, liquefaction of gases. Critical constants.
2. REACTION KINETICS:
Rate order and molecularity of chemical reactions. Methods of their evaluation. Calculation of rate constants. Consecutive - Parallel and opposing reactions. Chain reactions. Energy of activation - Theories on reaction rates. Heterogeneous reactions - zero order reactions .
3. PHASE EQUILIBRIA:
Phase rule: Application - to one components system (water, sulphur and carbon dioxide), Two component systems (Eutetic, Intermediate compound formation and solid solutions) and simple three component systems. Solutions: Ideal and non-ideal solutions solubility of gases in liquids. Henry's law. Completely miscible liquids - Rauolt's law - vapour pressure and boiling point diagrams. Partially miscible liquids - Critical solution temperature -completely immiscible liquids - Nernst: distribution law - Dilute solution and their colligative properties. Molecular weight determination using these properties.
4. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE:
Debye - Huckell Onsager theory; Ostwald's dilution law - solubility of electrolytes and solubility product - Applications, common ion action - acids, bases - definitions a) based on proton transference, dissociation constant, amphoteric electrolyte - pH -Buffer solutions. Salts - water of crystallisation, double salts, complex ions and salts, introduction to co-ordination theory - hydrolysis. Decomposition potential, over voltage, definitions of current density, current efficiency, energy consumption; oxidation - reduction redox couple; e.m.f. and energy relations. Conductometry, Potentiometry, Voltammetry, their applications. Fuel cells.
5. SURFACE CHEMISTRY:
Derivation of Langmuir adsorption isotherm, B.E.T adsorption isotherm, Determination of surface area of solids by B.E.T. method. Catalysis- Homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, Langmuir - Hinshelwood mechanism of a bimolecular surface reaction, Elay - Rideal mechanism of a surface reaction, Enzyme catalysis, Industrial applications of catalysis, zeolites as catalysts, Self-assembled monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films, adsorption chromatography.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. B. R. Puri and SL. R. Sharma, "Principles of Physical Chemistry", Shoban Lal Nagin Chand & Co.
2. P.L. Soni, "Text Book of Physical Chemistry ", S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
REFERENCES:
1. K. J. Laidler, "Chemical Kinetics", 3rd Edn., Harper & Row Publishers,1987.
